Aabram, Virginia. “‘Sick Reality’: California couples give birth to each other’s daughters in IVF mix-up.” Washington Examiner, November 9, 2021.
https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/902520/sick-reality-california-couples-give-birth-to-each-others-daughters-in-ivf-mix-up/

Bremner, Jade. “Video captures moment couple reunited with biological daughter after IVF mix up.” The Independent, November 10, 2021.
https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/ivf-mix-up-biological-daughter-b1954656.html

Campoamor, Danielle. “Family discovers IVF mix-up after DNA test for 12-year-old son.” Today.com, November 21, 2021. https://www.today.com/parents/ivf-mix-discovered-after-dna-test-12-year-old-son-t238754

Capelouto, Sarah M. et al. “Sex selection for non-medical indications: a survey of current pre-implantation genetic screening practices among U.S. ART clinics.” Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, Volume 35, Issue 3, 2018. 
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29080968/

Centers for Disease Control. “Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) Success Rates,” CDC.gov, February 7, 2025. https://www.cdc.gov/art/artdata/index.html

City News Service. “Couple Settle ‘Wrong Baby’ Case with Fertility Clinic.” Patch.com, June 9, 2022.
https://patch.com/california/los-angeles/couple-settle-wrong-baby-case-fertility-clinic

City News Service. “Fertility Clinic Seeks Dismissal of Part of Couple's Lawsuit Over Embryo Mixup.” NBC 4 Los Angeles, February 11, 2022.
https://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/local/fertility-clinic-seeks-dismissal-of-part-of-couples-lawsuit-over-embryo-mixup/2823816/

“Compl. Daphna Cardinale and Alexander Cardinale vs. California Center for Reproductive Health; Eliran Mor; In VitroTech Labs, Inc.’ Beverly Sunset Surgical Associates, LLC.” (Superior Court of the State of California City of Los Angeles, Nov. 18, 2021). Scribd.com, November 18, 2021.
https://www.scribd.com/document/538410035/Cardinale-Lawsuit

Connor, Tracy. “Scrambled Eggs: Fertility Doc Screw-Up Leads Woman to Abort at 6 Months.” The Daily Beast, April 3, 2022. 
https://www.thedailybeast.com/new-york-fertility-institute-dr-michael-obasaju-gives-another-woman-wrong-embryo-suit-says

Di Fiore, Bettina. “‘So sad and confusing’” IVF’s physical and psychological impact on children.” Live Action News, May 4, 2021. https://www.liveaction.org/news/sad-confusing-ivf-physical-psychological-impact/

Dodd, Johnny. “Couple’s ‘World Started Falling Apart’ After Discovering IVF Embryo Mixup: ‘This Isn’t Our Child’.” People, November 23, 2021. https://people.com/human-interest/couples-world-started-falling-apart-after-discovering-ivf-embryo-mixup/

Dodd, Johnny. “IVF Embryo Mix Up Leaves Two Couples Raising Each Other’s Babies: ‘It’s Still a Daily Struggle’.” People, November 8, 2021.
https://people.com/human-interest/ivf-embryo-mixup-leaves-two-couples-raising-each-others-babies/

“Embryo Mix-Up Woman Gives Birth, Faces Heartbreak Ahead.” ABC News, September 25, 2009. https://abcnews.go.com/Health/MindMoodNews/unintended-surrogate-mom-wrong-embryo-faces-heartbreak-birth/story?id=8675885

Flanders, Nancy. “‘Leftovers’: The dehumanizing language of the IVF industry.” Live Action News, April 30, 2021.
https://www.liveaction.org/news/dehumanizing-language-ivf-industry/

Faust, Katie. “Yes, Surrogacy is Wrong Even When Straight Couples Do It.” Them Before Us Website, September 24, 2018. https://thembeforeus.com/yes-surrogacy-is-wrong-even-when-straight-couples-do-it/?fbclid=IwAR0Y4zcfTVNuIFPdZGJSsx-yVzTRCZGbygtmi1ho_reNv3xJyEz1r8e7a68

“I was an altruistic surrogate and am now against ALL surrogacy.” Nordic Model Now, January 29, 2020. https://nordicmodelnow.org/2020/01/29/i-was-an-altruistic-surrogate-and-am-now-against-all-surrogacy/

Indiana University, Purdue University, and Indianapolis School of Science. "Even brief maternal deprivation early in life alters adult brain function and cognition: Rat study." ScienceDaily Website, May 3, 2018. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/05/180503142724.htm

Kamel, Remah Moustafa. “Assisted reproductive technology after the birth of Louise Brown.” Journal of Reproduction & Infertility, Volume 14, Issue 3, 2013.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3799275/#:~:text=The%20birth%20of%20Louise%20Brown%20on%20July%2025th%201978%20

Kubota, Samantha. “After ‘nightmare’ IVF mix up, 2 mothers give birth to each other’s babies.” Today, November 9, 2021.
https://www.today.com/parents/after-nightmare-ivf-mix-2-mothers-give-birth-each-other-t238168

Levenson, Eric and Cheri Mossburg. “This couple got a stranger’s embryo in an IVF mixup, and someone else gave birth to their baby.”  CNN: Crime & Justice, July 10, 2019.
https://www.cnn.com/2019/07/10/us/ivf-mixup-couple-lawsuit/index.html

Lu, Yue et al. “Risk of birth defects in children conceived with assisted reproductive technology: A meta-analysis.” Medicine (Baltimore), Volume 101, Issue 52, 2022. 
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9803464/#:~:text=Results%3A,05).

Rogers, Jon. “Baby Swap: I gave birth to the wrong couple’s baby & spent four months raising her before swapping her back after IVF clinic mix-up.” The Sun (US Edition),  November 9, 2021. 
https://www.the-sun.com/lifestyle/4029205/ivf-mix-up-couples-birth-each-others-babies/

Shah, Zorheen. “Couple files lawsuit claiming fertility clinic mix-up.” ABC News Los Angeles, November 9, 2021.
https://abcnews.go.com/GMA/Wellness/video/couple-files-lawsuit-claiming-fertility-clinic-mix-81053694

Steinbuch, Yaron and Marjorie Hernandez. “Parents give birth to each other’s babies after shocking fertility clinic mix-up: suit.” New York Post, November 9, 2021.
https://nypost.com/2021/11/09/parents-birth-each-others-babies-after-mix-up-at-fertility-clinic/

Strickler, Heidi (National Director of Children, Adolescents, and Foster Care United Health Care). “National Adoption Month, Trends and Targeted Care.” United Health Care Blog, uhccommunityandstate.com,  November 17, 2023. https://www.uhccommunityandstate.com/content/blog-post/heidi-strickler-posts/national-adoption-month--trends-and-targeted-care#:~:text=Increase%20in%20open%20adoptions%20%E2%80%93%20Open,between%20biological%20and%20adoptive%20families.&text=In%20a%20recent%20study%2C%20U.S.,domestic%20infant%20adoptions%20were%20open.

VanDamme, Catie. “Fertility Doctors Refused To Treat Me Holistically Because IVF Is Their Cash Cow.” The Federalist, March 18, 2024. https://thefederalist.com/2024/03/18/big-fertility-should-stop-pushing-ivf-on-women-as-the-first-and-only-option-for-making-a-baby/?fbclid=IwAR1DE2CBifudLWqOzxI4_t5dJn2FOSzfzxAJZcPTR9R6XFH5ZalQNXcM0YQ_aem_AUM1n4MUGxaf9G_geOJKup_gbRjiCxnwkXGDfbhYT3nzRSf88dfpepGoThqDDyBAD1

Villareal, Mireya. “Two couples swap babies after IVF mix-up.” CBS News, November 9, 2021.
https://www.cbsnews.com/news/ivf-mix-up-babies-swap/

Williams, C.L. et al. “Risks of ovarian, breast, and corpus uteri cancer in women treated with assisted reproductive technology in Great Britain, 1991-2010: data linkage study including 2.2 million person years of observation.” British Medical Journal (BMJ), July 11, 2018. https://www.bmj.com/content/362/bmj.k2644